Checklist: 6 key points when choosing insulation

Thermal conductivity

This is the main characteristic of the material. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better it maintains a stable temperature in the house. In winter, it preserves heat indoors, and in summer, it keeps the coolness in. The thermal conductivity coefficient is usually indicated on the packaging (watts per square meter). The lower this coefficient, the higher the temperature-saving properties.

Moisture absorption and vapor permeability

Water conducts heat well, so it is important that insulation does not get wet and does not retain moisture. In addition, moisture leads to mold, gradual deterioration, increased weight, and deformation. All this, in turn, shortens the service life. The higher the material's hygroscopicity — the ability to absorb moisture — the worse it retains heat. However, hygroscopicity can be compensated by vapor permeability — the ability to distribute and release moisture. If vapor permeability is good, then thermal insulation properties are not compromised even in case of excessive moisture.

Fire resistance and fire safety

Non-combustible and flame-retardant materials in case of fire not only prevent the spread of flames but even help isolate the fire. The higher the fire resistance temperature — the temperature at which the insulation begins to melt or burn — the higher its fire safety. It is important to pay attention to the substances released during burning or melting. The composition should not contain toxic substances that could harm health and the environment.

Resistance to temperature fluctuations

A crucial quality for Russia. The material must maintain its shape and useful properties both during heat and severe frost. Each insulation manufacturer specifies a temperature range within which they guarantee stable behavior of their product.

Durability

Every insulation material has a maximum service life, after which it must be completely replaced. Materials containing artificial organic substances last 30-35 years. For example, mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. Over time, the organic components break down, leading to loss of shape and thermal insulation properties. Insulation materials with a service life exceeding one hundred years include aerated concrete and foam glass — natural at their core.

Environmental friendliness

The insulation itself and the materials used during installation should not contain components harmful to the environment and health: formaldehyde, phenol, asbestos, styrene, and other toxic substances. Certification and even the type of insulation do not always guarantee its environmental friendliness — this indicator depends on the manufacturer's responsibility. That is why it is so important to carefully study certificates and, if necessary, ask the manufacturer questions about the composition.